28.【参考答案】

(1)①不能独立教授单词，要把音、形、义、用法结合起来，并在句子中或语言环境中应用，让儿童在运用中把握和理解单词，发音定位，词不离句。

②教师要把握好教学量，一次不要太大，太大了学生会“消化不良”。

③教师在教学过程中要少讲如何读，而要设法让他们多读;少讲如何用，多创设语境让他们应用。

④让单词复现频率更高一些，游戏活动更丰富一些。

⑤记忆和理解相结合，多种感官配合活动。

⑥奖励机制服务于教学，趣味性强。

(2)Knowledge aim: students can listen, read and recognize the new words: draw write jump run and fly.

Ability aim: students can express their opinions by using the target language through group work.

Emotional aim: students can cooperate with other group mates actively and complete the tasks together.

(3)Step 1 Warming-up:

Greeting with students and listen an English song together named “If you happy and you know it”. During this section, students can do some actions according to the lyrics.

(Justification: In this way, I can form a better English learning surrounding for the students, at the same time can lead to my new class.)

Step 2 Presentation

With the help of pictures on the blackboard, I show the new words such as ( draw write jump run and fly). In order to master the new words, I will set a word game to my students.

(Justification: in this way, I can stimulate students’ interest of learning English.)

Step 3 Practice

Then I ask students to have a role-play to change the words in the sentence into the new words that they have learned.

(Justification: by this way it can consolidate the new words and sentence patterns. )

Step 4 Production

I will let my students to make a survey to check if they can use them correctly, and ask them to finish the table on the book.

(Justification: By doing this, students can practice the knowledge in a real situation and also they can improve their ability of cooperation.)

Step 5 Summary and homework

Ask students to have a brief summary what they have learned in the class, and ask students to make a new conversation according to the sentence pattern and share it to the whole class.

29.【参考答案】

(1)歌曲特点

本课第一首歌曲《摇篮曲》是奥地利作曲家、“歌曲”舒伯特的代表作之一，这是他19岁时以克劳蒂乌斯的诗谱写的。歌曲为带再现的两段体结构，每个乐段分为两个乐句，每乐句都是4小节，因此，结构十分规整：

第一乐段的两个乐句除句末终止音外基本相同。旋律以级进为主，节奏平稳而有规律，歌曲充满了温馨、静谧的气氛。第二乐段开始时，出现了一个由附点四分音符构成的附点节奏“X.X”突出了“摇”的感觉，加上装饰音的运用，与前面的音乐形成了小小的对比，使歌曲洋溢着母亲对孩子无限温存慈爱的万千柔情。第四乐句是第二乐句的完全重复，使歌曲前后呼应，自始至终处于安详柔美的意境之中。

作为艺术歌曲，除了旋律与歌词外，伴奏也是参与塑造艺术形象的一个不可缺少的手段，是歌曲必不可少的组成部分。歌中伴奏音型“XX XX”以及和声布局上采用主和弦与属和弦的交替，造成了安详的意境和摇篮摇动的形象，使这首著称于世的《摇篮曲》更具艺术魅力。

（责任编辑：李明）